Shoulder impingement: The acromion (edge of the scapula) presses on the rotator cuff as the arm is lifted. A rotator cuff tear may be a sudden injury, or result from steady overuse. Rotator cuff tear: A tear in one of the muscles or tendons surrounding the top of the humerus. The shoulder is an uncommon location for gout. Gout: A form of arthritis in which crystals form in the joints, causing inflammation and pain. 
Rheumatoid arthritis can affect any joint, including the shoulder.
Rheumatoid arthritis: A form of arthritis in which the immune system attacks the joints, causing inflammation and pain. The shoulder is less often affected by osteoarthritis than the knee. Osteoarthritis: The common "wear-and-tear" arthritis that occurs with aging. As a frozen shoulder progresses, movement in the shoulder can be severely limited. Frozen shoulder: Inflammation develops in the shoulder that causes pain and stiffness. This gives the shoulder a wide range of motion, but also makes it vulnerable to injury. The humerus fits relatively loosely into the shoulder joint. A cuff of cartilage called the labrum forms a cup for the ball-like head of the humerus to fit into. The bursa is a small sac of fluid that cushions and protects the tendons of the rotator cuff. 
The rotator cuff is a collection of muscles and tendons that surround the shoulder, giving it support and allowing a wide range of motion. The shoulder has several other important structures: The coracoid process is a hook-like bony projection from the scapula. The clavicle (collarbone) meets the acromion in the acromioclavicular joint. The acromion is a bony projection off the scapula. Other important bones in the shoulder include: The shoulder joint is formed where the humerus (upper arm bone) fits into the scapula (shoulder blade), like a ball and socket. 
The shoulder is one of the largest and most complex joints in the body.
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